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Please note that since 10.1.10, MariaDB uses systemd to start the service. The /etc/init.d/mysql script is no longer used, so MYSQLD_STARTUP_TIMEOUT has no effect.
You need to find your mariadb.service file. In our case, it did not contain a timeout so the MariaDB default was being used. Just add /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/override.conf file, and put in it:
[Service]
TimeoutStartSec = 0
In the [Service] section, and it will never time out. After create the file:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl restart mysql.service